Proof of Work is a consensus model in which a participant earns the opportunity to publish the next block by solving a computationally difficult problem that other participants can verify relatively easily.
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In Bitcoin, mining repeatedly changes block-header data such as a nonce until the resulting hash is below the network's target threshold.
supportedBitcoin block headers include the previous block's header hash and the Merkle-root hash, and the header is hashed as part of Bitcoin's proof-of-work algorithm.
supportedBitcoin nodes resolve competing valid chains by following the chain with the greatest cumulative proof of work, not simply the chain containing the greatest number of blocks.