Kindergarten · Place Value · MAT-K-PV-001
Understand Teen Numbers as Ten and Ones
Represent 11–19 as one group of ten and some additional ones.
Learning objectives
What you should be able to do
- Represent 11–19 as one group of ten and some additional ones.
- Connect a ten-frame/base-ten model to a teen numeral.
- Explain that the digit 1 in a teen numeral represents one ten, while the second digit tells extra ones.
Prerequisite check
Make sure the foundation is ready.
Checks quantity recognition for teen numbers.
Checks ten as a benchmark quantity.
Learn
Build the idea from meaning, not memorization.
Teen numbers contain a complete ten
Numbers from 11 through 19 can be built from one full group of ten plus extra ones. Thirteen is ten and three more; seventeen is ten and seven more.
The written numeral records tens and ones
In 14, the first digit 1 tells us there is one group of ten. The second digit 4 tells us there are four extra ones. This is the beginning of place-value understanding.
A full ten-frame makes the structure visible
Instead of seeing 16 as sixteen unrelated counters, fill one ten-frame completely and place six counters beside it. The grouping makes 10+6 visible immediately.
Teen names can be irregular, but the quantity structure is regular
Words such as eleven and twelve do not sound like 'ten-one' or 'ten-two,' yet the quantities still follow the same pattern: 11=10+1 and 12=10+2.
Interactive math lab
Change it. See what stays true.
Base-Ten Lab
Change hundreds, tens, and ones and watch the total rebuild from place value.
- fill ten
- add ones
- match numeral
- name tens and ones
Worked examples
Twenty different ways to see the concept work.
Build 11.
10 + 1One full ten and one extra one.
Build 12.
10 + 2One ten and two ones.
Build 13.
10 + 3One ten and three ones.
Build 14.
10 + 4One ten and four ones.
Build 15.
10 + 5One ten and five ones.
Build 16.
10 + 6One ten and six ones.
Build 17.
10 + 7One ten and seven ones.
Build 18.
10 + 8One ten and eight ones.
Build 19.
10 + 9One ten and nine ones.
A full ten-frame plus 3 counters represents what?
13Ten plus three equals thirteen.
A full ten-frame plus 7 counters represents what?
17Ten plus seven equals seventeen.
What does the 1 in 15 represent?
One tenIts place gives it a value of ten.
What does the 5 in 15 represent?
Five onesIt records the extra ones.
Write 18 as ten and ones.
1 ten and 8 ones18=10+8.
Which model represents 12: ten+2 or ten+4?
ten+212 contains one ten and two ones.
Which model represents 19: ten+9 or ten+8?
ten+9Nineteen is ten plus nine.
How many extra ones are in 16?
6The ones digit is 6.
How many tens are in 13 in this kindergarten model?
1 tenTeen numbers 11–19 each contain one full ten.
Explain 11 even though its name is irregular.
11 is 10+1Its spoken name differs, but its quantity structure is one ten and one one.
Explain why 20 is not included as 'one ten and extra ones.'
20 is two complete tensIt begins the next place-value structure.
Practice
Guided practice with hints
01Build 14 with a ten-frame.
Hint: Fill ten first, then add four.
Answer: 1 ten and 4 ones
02What number is 10+6?
Hint: Count six beyond ten.
Answer: 16
03What does the second digit in 17 tell you?
Hint: Look at the extra counters.
Answer: 7 ones
04Write 12 as tens and ones.
Hint: Use one full ten.
Answer: 1 ten and 2 ones
05Which numeral matches one ten and eight ones?
Hint: Combine 10 and 8.
Answer: 18
06Why is the first digit 1 in every numeral 11–19?
Hint: Each has one complete group of ten.
Answer: It represents one ten.
Practice
Independent practice
0110+1
Answer: 11
0210+4
Answer: 14
0310+7
Answer: 17
0410+9
Answer: 19
05How many ones in 13?
Answer: 3
06How many ones in 18?
Answer: 8
07Write 16 as tens and ones.
Answer: 1 ten and 6 ones
08What does the first digit in 19 represent?
Answer: One ten
Common mistakes
Learn to catch the error, not just the answer.
Connect 1 to one ten and 4 to four ones using a grouped model.
Keep the ten as known and count on only the extra ones.
The 1 is in the tens place and represents ten, not one.
Applications & challenge
Use the idea beyond a single exercise.
Applications
- Bundle ten craft sticks and leave extra sticks loose to represent teen numbers.
- Use one full ten-frame plus loose counters to build a requested teen numeral.
Challenge problems
If 16 gains one extra one, what teen number results?
17
If 18 loses three ones, what number remains?
15
Why do all teen numbers 11–19 have one full ten?
They are greater than ten but less than twenty, so each contains one group of ten plus 1–9 ones.
How does grouping by ten make counting easier?
It lets you treat ten as a known unit and count only the extras.
Flashcards
Retrieve it from memory.
Flashcards
Card 1 of 6
Game mode
Teen Builder
Build the shown teen numeral using one ten and the correct number of ones.
Practice
Mastery check
01Represent 12.
Answer: 1 ten and 2 ones
02Represent 17.
Answer: 1 ten and 7 ones
03What is 10+9?
Answer: 19
04What does the 1 in 14 represent?
Answer: One ten
05What does the 4 in 14 represent?
Answer: Four ones
06Which number is one ten and six ones?
Answer: 16
07Why use a full ten-frame?
Answer: It makes the ten-and-ones structure visible.
08How is 19 different from 20?
Answer: 19 is one ten and nine ones; 20 is two tens.
Terminology
Words to know
- place value
- The value a digit has because of its position in a numeral.
- ten
- A group containing ten ones.
- ones
- Single units not grouped into a ten.
- teen number
- A number from 13 through 19; in early place-value work, 11 and 12 are studied with the same ten-and-ones structure.
Continue learning
Connected concepts
Curriculum references
Standards and instructional references
California Common Core State Standards for Mathematics — Kindergarten Number & Operations in Base Ten / Measurement & Data
Standards progression for teen numbers and direct measurement comparison.